The Carl Moyer Program, 2003 guidelines;program advisories, current guidleines,AB 923,Assembly Bill 923. A; Name Title POC Email Phone Floor Division/Office; Addey, Carolyn: Program Analyst : [email protected] (202) 606-8466 : 4 : Division of Research Programs : Aiken, Tim: Director of Congressional. Readbag users suggest that GSA11. The file contains 194 page(s) and is free to view, download or print. Important Notices: NEW! The South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) is no longer accepting applications for the Proposition 1B - Goods Movement Emission Reduction Program (Program Announcement # 2016-10). Air Quality Summaries; Current Air Quality; Open Burn Map; Air Quality Forecast; Incidents & Advisories; Spare the Air; What You Can Do; Glossary; Wood Smoke; Lab Source Test; Air Quality Main Page; Rules. Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (AS-OCT) Sarah Moyer, CRA, OCT-C Director, Ophthalmic Imaging University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina. OCT is a well known and. Recommendations for Preventing Transmission of Infections Among Chronic Hemodialysis Patients. Terms and Abbreviations Used in This Publication. Acute hepatitis B. Newly acquired symptomatic. B virus (HBV). infection. Environmental Protection Agency. Food and Drug Administration. Bailey, M. D. Emory University School of Medicine. Atlanta, Georgia. Paul Balter, M. D. Everest Health Care. Oakville, Illinois. Jeffrey Berns, M. D. American Society of Nephrology. Washington, D. C. Edwards, M. D. Emory University School of Medicine. Atlanta, Georgia. Martin S. Favero, Ph. D. Advanced Sterilization Products. Irvine, California. John Foreman, M. D. American Society of Pediatric Nephrology. Cleveland, Ohio. Michael W. Fried, M. D. University of North Carolina. Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Vasant Gandhi, M. D. Vines Veteran's Administration Hospital. Vines, Illinois. Clifford Glynn. National Association of Nephrology. Technicians. Dayton, Ohio. Ray Hakim, M. D., Ph. D. Renal Care Group, Inc. Nashville Tennessee. Norma Heard. Grady Dialysis Unit. Atlanta, Georgia. J. Michael Lazarus, M. D. Fresenius Medical Care, NALexington, Massachusetts. Nathan Levin, M. D. Association for the Advancement of Medical. Instrumentation. New York, New York. Paul Light, M. D. Forum of ESRD Networks. Baltimore, Maryland. Stan Lindenfield, M. D. Total Renal Care. Torrance, California. Cynthia Marshall. Renal Treatment Center. Atlanta, Georgia. Bela T. Matyas, M. D., M. P. H. Council of State and Territorial. Epidemologists. Atlanta, Georgia. Joseph Mazilli. Hackensack University Medical Center. Hackensack, New Jersey. Barbara Mc. Cool, M. S. U. S. Food and Drug Administration. Rockville, Maryland. Ira Meisels, M. D. Renal Physicians Association. Rockville, Maryland. Catherine M. Food and Drug Administration. Rockville, Maryland. Svetlozar Natov, M. D. Tufts University School of Medicine. Newton, Massachusetts. Cathy D. Food and Drug Administration. Rockville, Maryland. Stephen Pastan, M. D. Emory University School of Medicine. Atlanta, Georgia. Eileen Peacock, M. S. N. Total Renal Care. Maple Glen, Pennsylvania. Jacquelyn Polder, M. P. H. Health Care Financing Administration. Seattle, Washington. Robert Sharbaugh, Ph. D. Association for Professionals in Infection. Control, Inc. Charleston, South Carolina. Gayle Shimokura. University of North Carolina. Chapel Hill, North Carolina. James Steinberg, M. D. Emory University School of Medicine. Atlanta, Georgia. Charlotte Thomas- Hawkins, Ph. D. American Nephrology Nurses Association. Pitman, New Jersey. Stephen Vas, M. D. Toronto Western Hospital. Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Brian A. J. Walters, Ph. D. Gambro Healthcare. Ft Lauderdale, Florida. David J. Weber, M. D. University of North Carolina- Chapel Hill. Medical School. Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Rebecca Wingard, M. S. N. Renal Care Group, Inc. Nashville, Tennessee. Jay Wish, M. D. Forum of ESRD Networks. Cleveland, Ohio. AGENCY LIAISON CONSULTANT. Paul W. Eggers, Ph. D. Health Care Financing Administration. Baltimore, Maryland. The following CDC staff members prepared this report: Miriam J. Lyerla, Ph. D. Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases. National Center for Infectious Diseases. Jerome I. Tokars, M. D., M. P. H. Elaine R. Miller, M. P. H. Matthew J. Arduino, M. S., Dr. P. H. Hospital Infections Program. National Center for Infectious Diseasesin consultation with. Lawrence Y. C. Agodoa, M. D. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. National Institutes of Health. Carolyn Y. Neuland, Ph. D. Center for Devices and Radiologic Health. U. S. Food and Drug Administration. Summary. These recommendations replace previous recommendations for. The recommendations in this report provide guidelines for. Implementation of this program in hemodialysis centers will. Based on available. CDC after consultation with. Atlanta on October 5- -6, 1. They are summarized in the. Recommendations section. This report is intended to serve as a resource for. INTRODUCTIONThe number of patients with end- stage renal disease treated by. United States has increased sharply during the past 3. Chronic hemodialysis patients are at. In an environment where multiple patients receive. Furthermore. hemodialysis patients are immunosuppressed. CDC. began conducting national surveillance for hemodialysis- associated hepatitis in 1. Since 1. 97. 6, this surveillance has been performed in collaboration with the. Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) during its annual facility survey. In 1. 98. 2, hepatitis B vaccination was recommended for. However, outbreaks of both HBV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections continue to occur among chronic. Epidemiologic investigations have indicated substantial deficiencies. B. (2. 1,2. 2). These practices apparently are not being fully implemented because staff members a) are not aware of the practices. B vaccine is ineffective for preventing HBV infection in chronic hemodialysis. During the 1. 99. Staphylococcus aureus . Although numerous outbreaks of bacterial infections in the hemodialysis setting have been reported. In 1. 99. 9, CDC initiated a. They are summarized on pages. In 1. 97. 4, the incidence of newly acquired (i. HBV infection among chronic hemodialysis patients in the United States was. By 1. 98. 0, nationwide incidence among patients had decreased to 1%. CDC, unpublished data, 2. Prevalence of chronic HBV infection (i. B surface antigen . In 1. 99. 9, a total of 2. HBV infection (CDC, unpublished data, 2. HBV is transmitted by percutaneous (i. HBV transmission. All. HBs. Ag- positive persons are infectious, but those who are also positive for hepatitis B e. HBe. Ag) circulate HBV at high titers in their blood. L) (2. 6,2. 7). Furthermore, HBV at titers of. L can be present on environmental surfaces in the absence of any. HBs. Ag has been detected in dialysis centers on clamps, scissors, dialysis machine control knobs, and. Thus, blood- contaminated surfaces that are not routinely cleaned. HBV transmission. Dialysis staff members. Once the factors that promote HBV transmission among hemodialysis patients. These recommendations included a) serologic surveillance of patients (and staff. HBV infection, including monthly testing of all susceptible patients for HBs. Ag. b) isolation of HBs. Ag- positive patients in a separate room; c) assignment of. HBs. Ag- positive patients and not to HBV- susceptible patients during. HBs. Ag- positive patients that. HBV- susceptible patients; e) assignment of a supply tray to. National surveillance data for. HBV infection was substantially lower in. HBs. Ag- positive patients, compared with those that did not. The success of isolation practices in preventing transmission of HBV infection. Frequent serologic testing for HBs. Ag. detects patients recently infected with HBV quickly so isolation procedures can. Environmental control. Investigations of. HBV transmission resulted from failure to. HBs. Ag or routinely review results of testing to identify infected. In addition, few patients had received hepatitis B vaccine. National surveillance data have demonstrated that independent risk factors. HBV infection include the presence of. HBV- infected patient in the hemodialysis center who is not isolated, as well as. B vaccination rate among patients. Transmission appeared to stem from chronically infected HBV patients who shared staff members. These episodes were recognized when patients returned to their. HBs. Ag testing was resumed. Transmission. from HBV- infected chronic hemodialysis patients to patients undergoing hemodialysis. However, such. transmission could go unrecognized because acute renal failure patients are unlikely to be. HBV infection. The incubation period ranges. Infants, young children (aged < 1. HBV infection are usually asymptomatic. When present, clinical symptoms and signs might include anorexia, malaise, nausea, vomiting. Extrahepatic manifestations of disease (e. The case fatality rate after acute hepatitis B is 0. In immunosuppressed persons (including hemodialysis patients), infants, and. HBV infections result in chronic infection. Although persons with chronic HBV infection are often asymptomatic, chronic. However, reinfection or reactivation of latent HBV. HIV) (4. 6,4. 7). These patients were positive for antibody. B core antigen (anti- HBc), with or without antibody to HBs. Ag (anti- HBs). and subsequently developed detectable levels of HBs. Ag. The frequency with which. Although the dosage of lamivudine should be modified based on. The emergence of. Several well- defined antigen- antibody systems are. HBV infection, including HBs. Ag and anti- HBs; hepatitis B core antigen. HBc. Ag) and anti- HBc; and HBe. Ag and antibody to HBe. Ag (anti- HBe). Serologic assays. HBc. Ag because no free. HBc. Ag circulates in blood. One or more of these serologic markers are present. HBV infection (Table 1). In newly infected persons, HBs. Ag is present in serum 3. HBV and persists for variable periods. Transient HBs. Ag. Anti- HBc develops in all HBV infections, appearing at onset of symptoms or liver. HBV infection, rising rapidly to high levels, and persisting. Acute or recently acquired infection can be distinguished by presence of. M (Ig. M) class of anti- HBc, which persists for approximately. The presence. of anti- HBs indicates immunity from HBV infection. After recovery from. HBs and anti- HBc, whereas. HBs develops in persons who are successfully vaccinated against hepatitis. B. Persons who do not recover from HBV infection and become chronically. HBs. Ag (and anti- HBc), although a small proportion (0. HBs. Ag and might develop anti- HBs. Among most asymptomatic persons in the United States tested for. HBV infection, an average of 2% (range: < 0. HBc. (5. 2); among injecting- drug users, however, the rate is 2. In general, the frequency of isolated anti- HBc is directly related to the frequency of previous HBV infection. This pattern can occur after. HBV infection among persons who have recovered but whose anti- HBs levels have. HBs. Persons in the latter. HBs. Ag at levels not detectable by current. However, HBV DNA has been detected in < 1.
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Check yor dcop server is running error messae. Quote. Originally Posted by dazpaul. Thankyou but how do i sort out the initial problem because at the moment i am not able to log in? From this website.. But you don't need to log in to do a clean reinstall. Try these tips only if you want to preserve and try to repair your present system. The root username is of course . However, some systems are protected with boot loader passwords that won't let you do that without THAT password. If the boot loader is password protected, you need to boot from other media - for newer systems, the install CD probably has the recovery tools for that (. How to start dcopserver. Please check that the 'dcopserver' program is running. Plaese check that the 'dcopserver' program is running! The first thing to try is to boot to single user mode. This MIGHT not work for you, because your system might be configured to still ask for a root password to get to single user mode. If that's the case, we'll use another trick that replaces init with /bin/bash. First, try single user. If you don't see either a LILO or GRUB boot screen, try hitting CTRL- X to get one. If it's LILO, just type . Press ENTER, and then . Domount - o remount,rw /If that doesn't work (it might not), just type . Let's say it is on /dev/sda. You'd then type: mount - o remount,rw /dev/sda. If you can do this, just type . Or just edit /etc/shadow to remove the password field: move to just beyond the first . With vi, that would be . You'll get a warning about changing a read- only file; that's normal. Before you do this, /etc/shadow might look like: root: $1$8. NFm. V6tr$r. T. INHx. DBWn. 1Vv. U5gj. Gzi/: 1. You'll need to force the write: with vi, . This will dump you to a bash prompt much earlier than single user mode, and a lot less has been initialized, mounted, etc. You'll definitely need the . Also note that other filesystems aren't mounted at all, so you may need to mount them manually if you need them. Look in /etc/fstab for the device names. Keep this in mind if you have a Linux machine in a publically accessible place : without more protection, it's not usually hard to recover a lost root password, which means it's just as easy for someone to CHANGE it, or access root without your knowlege. Another way to do this is to remove the password from /etc/shadow.
Just in case you screw up, I'd copy it somewhere safe first. You want to end up with the root line looking something like this: # original lineroot: $1$EYBTVZHP$Qtjk. CG7. 68gi. Xz. Pv. W4. Hq. B5/: 1. 28. If you are having trouble with editing (you really do have to learn vi one of these days), you could just (after making a copy, of course) justecho . This shouldn't be difficult unless you have an unusual disk controller. For example, a Compaq raid controller will probably be /dev/ida/c. Find the partitions by using fdisk /dev/ida/c. Then recover the root password as explained above. See alsohttp: //aplawrence. Bofcusm/8. 61. htmlhttp: //aplawrence. Bofcusm/8. 72. htmlhttp: //aplawrence. Bofcusm/8. 73. html- Feed. Burner RSS Feed- - Digg This- - Add to del. Alternative Energy Political Economic And Social Feasibility: full version free software download11/30/2016 Climate Change. Scientists agree that human activity causes a rise in both average world temperatures and the occurrence of extreme weather events. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, rich countries have emitted the overwhelming share of the greenhouse gases causing the earth's atmosphere to warm. Yet the world's poor are first and hardest hit by the consequences of climate change. Many countries have already experienced deadly droughts and floods. And climate- induced natural disasters have displaced hundreds of thousands of people across the world, while global fresh water resources become increasingly scarce. Although both renewable energy alternatives and energy efficiency technologies are widely available, governments hesitate to take serious and immediate action, and continue allowing wasteful use of fossil fuels in energy consumption. Under the Kyoto protocol, countries have committed to specific emissions reduction targets by 2. But reductions under the present protocol are far too small and the world's largest emitter, the US, remains outside the agreement. A globally coordinated response with the participation of both the US and the large fast- growing economies of China and India is necessary to prevent a disaster that will significantly reduce human well- being and could cause massive species extinction and a collapse of the global ecosystem. At the UN Climate Change Conference in Nairobi in 2. Kyoto protocol in 2. GPF Perspective . After a screening of Al Gore's film, . This Web page has been archived on the Web. Environmental, social and economic impacts of biofuel production in Canada. Solar and Wind power has tremendous potential for domestic and foreign investment. Dynamic enterpreneurs have to develop Business Model for energy productsion from wind and solar at Micro Level as well as for new company float. Alternative energy is any energy source that is an alternative to fossil fuel. These alternatives are intended to address concerns about such fossil fuels, such as its high carbon dioxide emissions, an important factor in. Energy decisions are influenced by economic, political, environmental, and social factors. Jump down to: Teaching with this principle The New Climate Economy Report shows how countries at all levels of income can achieve economic growth while combating climate change. The Climate Change Conference held in Qatar this year generated a lot of comment on what Gulf states are doing about climate change. Ironically the host country itself is the highest per capita carbon emitter in the world. Our portfolio includes 50+ journals, with core areas in Business and Management, Economics, Finance, Operations Research, Information Technology, Politics and International Relations, and Sociology. As part of Springer Nature. Click here Alailable in Swedish here! 3, January 1975) Hardly anyone would nowadays openly profess a belief in the. The guide exposes the eleven official corporate partners of the conference, takes a look at some of the other influential Polish lobbies, and examines an extensive list of the lobby groups attending the COP. It also covers the false solutions that are being offered up by these corporate lobbies, such as shale gas, carbon capture and storage (CCS) and carbon markets. National policies must take into account the impacts on multiple sectors including agriculture, health, the economy, and society as well as account for strengthening capacity at the local level. Today, many countries still deal with drought in a reactive manner and policies can help effectively minimize those impacts. GENI Keywords: Multilateral Organizations, Global Model Index, Very Large Solar Systems in the Desert, Rural Electrification, Clean Development Mechanism, Renewable Energy Potential of. By Debra Fiakas CFA The market for lithium ion batteries is expected to reach $46 billion by 2022. That represents 11% compound annual growth over the next six years. Few other markets if any are growing at such a feverish. Drought management is considered to be similar to sustainable development as it involves the sustainable use of land, water, etc, and policy planning must adopt a similar approach. Today, drought is the most destructive natural hazard and its frequency and intensity is expected to increase in the coming decades. Since interventions are often ad- hoc and information dissemination to isolated communities is poor, communities are unable to plan for the long term. The Partners for Resilience coalition, however, works specifically with local stakeholders to create a set of minimal standards for disaster risk reduction, enabling them to forge relationships with meteorological agencies, interpret early warning signals and communicate needs with their local governments. Meanwhile, the “ACCRA” partnership works to strengthen knowledge dissemination on climate forecasts and related shocks like food prices and population growth to local communities. These NGOs act as a model for more needs- based adaptation programs and community empowerment in future adaptation efforts. Tony de. Brum, representative of the Marshall Islands, expressed the need for greater political support for helping small island nations cope with existing threats such as coastal erosion, food and water shortages. Some like Russia and China do not consider the Council to be an appropriate channel for addressing climate change implications. However, climate change does raise future security concerns in terms of the economy, food security and migration as people migrating from the Marshal Islands to neighboring Australia and island countries. The Pakistani UN ambassador stressed the need for a precautionary approach in addressing this security implication, rather than ad- hoc measures. His view echoes the existing lack of political leadership needed to effectively address other environmental and social implications from climate change. Supporters of this strategy stress that business can contribute a large part of the $1. Currently, private sector investment focuses mostly on clean technology projects. The UN is promoting “public- private partnerships” that would also look into adaptation for countries already experiencing the effects of climate change. Critics, however, argue that such schemes obscure business practices that contribute to climate change to begin with. In addition, relying on the private sector for alternative financing does not address why governments’ declining revenues prevent them from contributing to climate finance, or why they choose to not sufficiently fund this area. Designed to incentivize industries to shift to low- emission operations, the scheme is failing to achieve emissions reductions because of these devalued carbon credits. Furthermore, while the scheme was considered as the quickest means of generating climate funds, of all participating countries only Germany has since pledged 1. Euros to the UN Green Climate Fund. Furthermore, German funding may be at risk since pledges were based on a carbon pricing of 1. Euros, which has since dropped. Repeated problems with the EU’s market- based scheme highlight the need for international support to reach an agreement on reducing carbon emissions through polluter taxes and removal of fossil fuel subsidies. Governments are reluctant to take steps nationally for converting to a low carbon economy from fear of having an unfair competitive advantage compared to countries pursuing “business- as- usual”. However, creating national policies promoting alternative energy can help build support in the international community and change governments’ approach in future climate change negotiations. Yet, “clean energy” alone cannot solve climate change and efforts to address current trends in energy demands must continue at both a domestic and international level. The fund is still empty although it is due to begin dispensing money in 2. Rich industrialized countries have failed to deliver on their financial pledges, and the issue is expected to be back on the table during the last few remaining days of the 2. UN Climate Change Conference in Doha. The outcome of the conference will not be successful if industrialized countries do not put their geopolitical interests aside. It mainly focuses on the positive that advances in drilling technology will increase US oil production to make it the largest producer by 2. However, it is the result of a simultaneous production decline from tradition markets like Saudi Arabia and Russia. Thus, energy security remains a key issue especially since the report predicts growth in demand. Furthermore, future increase in renewable energy will be insignificant thus continuing the dependency on fossil fuels. More importantly, the report alludes to a 3. Thus, creating resiliency on both energy projections and climate change is the current global dilemma. Focusing efforts on reducing energy demands is ultimately more favorable due to the slow increase in clean energy. Ironically the host country itself is the highest per capita carbon emitter in the world, while the US and China remain the biggest emitters in absolute terms. Gulf governments have not signed up to binding emissions cuts under the new commitments. Some Gulf countries such as the UAE have made significant progress with renewable energy projects. But these oil exporters generally are part of the problem. This report shows that climate- related natural disasters have cost over $1 trillion in the past 2. Munich Re concluded that insurance companies have a clean interest in mitigating climate change. According to Rosenberg, this shows that while the corporate media habitually frames the environment and the economy in opposition to one another, the insurance industry generally and reinsurers in particular reflect the deeper reality that the economy and the environment are deeply intertwined with one another. The number of global natural disasters is on the rise. While presenting climate change in an economic frame through a cost calculus may make policymakers more aware of the problem, it leads to a dangerous process of putting a price tag on life and the environment. Furthermore, this ignores that those disproportionately affected by climate change will not be the businesses in the North. The cost of climate change to the global south cannot be nearly as easily mitigated as in North America. Two reports released in Copenhagen by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) confirmed this. A Q& A with the authors of these reports revealed that the emissions footprint of food production involves the combined emissions of all the stages of food production (manufacture of inputs like fertilizers, agriculture itself, food distribution and sales, and managing of food waste). The reports emphasize that the impacts of climate change with regards to food security will fall disproportionately on the people in developing countries, even when these people contribute very little to the global footprint. To reduce emissions, there must be new methods of food production as well as new food consumption patterns. Floods in the beginning of 2. Flash flooding also endangers the homes of the country’s poorest, many of whom live in slums on precarious land. The report confirmed that the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is growing, and that emissions levels, driven by the burning of fossil fuels, must come down by 1. C. If a serious action plan is not drawn up at the conference by the biggest emitters, dangerous consequences such as rising sea levels inundating coastal cities, dramatic shifts in rainfall, the spread of diseases and the extinction of species will follow. Firstly, a handful of the most developed countries contribute 4. Energy Decisions. Jump down to: Teaching with this principle . Humans make individual, community, national, and international energy decisions. Each of these levels of decision making has some common and some unique aspects. Decisions made beyond the individual level often involve a formally established process of decision- making. Department of Energy Videos. Energy Principle #5. Energy infrastructure has inertia. The decisions that governments, corporations, and individuals made in the past have created today's energy infrastructure. The large amount of money, time, and technology invested in these systems makes changing the infrastructure difficult, but not impossible. The decisions of one generation both provide and limit the range of possibilities open to the future generations. Energy decisions can be made using a systems- based approach. As individuals and societies make energy decisions, they can consider the costs and benefits of each decision. Some costs and benefits are more obvious than others. Identifying all costs and benefits requires a careful and informed systems- based approach to decision making. Energy decisions are influenced by economic factors. Monetary costs of energy affect energy decision making at all levels. Energy exhibits characteristics of both a commodity and a differentiable product. Energy costs are often subject to market fluctuations, and energy choices made by individuals and societies affect these fluctuations. Cost differences also arise as a result of differences between energy sources and as a result of tax- based incentives and rebates. Energy decisions are influenced by political factors. Political factors play a role in energy decision making at all levels. These factors include, but are not limited to, governmental structure and power balances, actions taken by politicians, and partisan- based or self- serving actions taken by individuals and groups. Energy decisions are influenced by environmental factors. Environmental costs of energy decisions affect energy decision making at all levels. All energy decisions have environmental consequences. These consequences can be positive or negative. Energy decisions are influenced by social factors. Questions of ethics, morality, and social norms affect energy decision making at all levels. Social factors often involve economic, political, and environmental factors. What does this principle mean? These decisions are made on many levels such as: personal (what temperature to set the thermostat),regional (availability of different types of energy and blending of energy sources to meet demand) national (renewable energy policy)international (oil import/export policies). Energy decisions can be based on a wide range of factors. Individuals make energy decisions daily, and these decisions may be driven by need, cost, convenience or social norms. Societies make energy decisions following formalized procedures, but these decisions are influenced by many different, and sometimes competing factors. Economics play an important role in shaping energy policy. Market forces, taxes, regulations and subsidies can affect the prices of different forms of energy. Environmental and societal costs are part of decision- making as well, as each form of energy has different impacts on the environment and society. The political process surrounds all of these factors, which adds influences relating to the balance of power, ideology and governmental structure. In a nutshell, the decisions surrounding energy use and energy policy are part of a complex, multifaceted process. Gasoline prices are perhaps the most noticeable way that consumers are exposed to fluctuations in the price of energy. Photo by Greg Woodhouse Photography. Provenance: Photo by Greg Woodhouse Photography. Reuse: This item is offered under a Creative Commons Attribution- Non. Commercial- Share. Alike license http: //creativecommons. You may reuse this item for non- commercial purposes as long as you provide attribution and offer any derivative works under a similar license. Why is this principle important? Our society is facing many energy challenges. Will we have enough energy to fuel our society and our economy? Can we continue to use energy without causing irreparable harm to Earth's climate system? How much effort and resources are we willing to invest into alternative energy sources? Can sufficient energy be distributed fairly, safely and economically to all parts of our global society? The answers to these questions are dependent on the decisions we make about energy. This principle is of critical importance for students, and in fact, for all people. Energy decisions can have profound impacts on our lives, the economy, national security and the environment. Every day, individuals make decisions about energy in the actions we take, the products we purchase and the policies we support. Because of this, every person plays a role in the complex system of energy decisions and every person has the power to change their decisions on a personal level and to take part in affecting decisions on a societal scale. Because every decision has consequences, this principle encourages students to understand the important role of decision- making about energy. What makes this principle challenging to teach? Teachers may be familiar with student utterances of . In order for students to engage in an informed discussion they need to be aware of the realities of balancing energy demand, economics, and the inherent advantages and disadvantages of various energy sources. Moreover, younger students may not be familiar with nuances like taxes, subsidies and political processes. Whereas the previous principles deal primarily with scientific understanding, this principle encompasses human behavior, politics, economics and other issues that can be personal for some students. Policy viewpoints can be challenging to teach due to communications roadblocks such as the worldview backfire effect (learn more in this summary from the CLEAN Climate Communications workshop). It is important for educators to not advocate any particular policies but to focus on building knowledge around the science, engineering, economics and policy of energy decisions. Teaching this principle can help students understand some of the factors that go into shaping energy decisions, and can help them understand how the decisions they make on an individual level may impact others. The Voice of Youth: A Civil Society Debate that featured students from the two top debating teams in the Philippines: De La Salle University and the University of the Philippines Diliman, demonstrating the key role of the youth in development. Photo from the Asian Development Bank. Strategies for teaching this principle. Because decision- making reflects the inputs, priorities and needs of diverse groups of people, role playing is a logical pedagogic tactic for teaching these concepts. This interdisciplinary topic spans science and technology, economics, environmental science, political science and social science. Moreover, psychology, communications and ethics also play a role in shaping energy decisions. Thus, this topic can be taught within nearly any discipline. That said, students would benefit from an understanding of the science behind the energy issues before they grapple with the policy aspects. Thus, an activity about energy policy could serve as an effective capstone project for a unit about energy science. This principle offers important opportunities to discuss solutions to energy challenges. It can be powerful to discuss energy decisions as they relate to teaching about the climate system or general Earth systems. Topics such as the increasing demand for energy, the need for clean and sustainable energy sources, or the ways in which societies use energy are all possible methods to tie in energy decisions to science topics. As with Energy Principle 4, a quantitative approach allows students to go beyond the basic concepts. A well- rounded learning experience will allow students to back up their ideas with scientific or economic data that demonstrate the feasibility of different decisions or policies. Case studies are another possible method for teaching this topic. Energy policy is an enormous subject, but small examples or local cases can serve as a concrete means of delving into this arena. Examples of possible energy policy activities in different disciplines: Political science or Social studies - How is energy used across the world? How does energy use vary in different cultures? How are energy decisions made? Math or economics - Calculate the costs of different types of energy. What factors are included in the price of energy? Are environmental impacts included in the price of energy? How does the price of energy influence the consumption of energy? Psychology - What factors influence how much energy a person uses? What are some ways to motivate change in energy use? Role playing activities. Car of the Future In this activity, student teams research and develop a proposal to decrease the carbon footprint of their city's/town's public transportation system and then prepare a report that explains why their transportation plan is the best for their community. Evaluating the Effects of Local Energy Resource Development is a semester- long jigsaw project in which students work in teams to explore the effects of energy resource development on local water resources, economics, and society. Java collections and util package sample code examples. Domain Naming Service(DNS). It is very difficult to remember a set of numbers (IP address) to connect to the Internet. The Domain Naming Service(DNS) is used to overcome. It maps one particular IP address to a string of characters. For example, www. US commercial sites, java. Collection of Large Number of Java Sample Programs and Tutorials. Java provides the Collections. A running example of java program is. Java Sample Programs Fall 2002 A Revised Version of Hello World import java.io.*; class MyFirstProgram. A Java Class class Point JAVA Tutorial; last; Java Collections Framework; FB Twitter Google Plus Login. Java JMenu Class Example. I want to know the cases where these two method are call internally in java. Java Collections Class Programs. JAVA EXAMPLE PROGRAMS. Write an example for Collections.asLifoQueue() method. Java Collection Framework Version March 2009. Generic collections From Java 5. Example Using a list of Integers. Java collections should get. For example if you have objects of type Person with the. Java Fundamentals Tutorial: Java Collections and Generics. In the following example, notice the use of the java.util.Collections.sort(). Compiling Java Programs. The Java Collections API's provide Java developers with a set of classes and interfaces that makes it easier to handle collections of objects. In a sense Collection's. 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